Described by the Prophet (ﷺ) as "the longer of the two long ones," this 206-verse late Makkan address overturns the polytheism of the Quraysh. It carries titles reflecting its specific markers: Sūrat al-Mīqāt for the appointment of Moses, and Sūrat al-Mīthāq for the primordial covenant. Its primary name, Al-A'raf, refers to "The Heights," as it is the sole chapter to name the unique inhabitants of this realm.

The text opens with the creation of Adam and the origins of Satan's enmity. It then moves to vivid scenes of the Resurrection, contrasting the fates of the wicked, the pious, and the People of the Heights. From there, the focus shifts to the struggles of earlier Messengers, dedicating an extensive section to Moses and the Israelites that includes glad tidings of the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ).

As the historical accounts conclude, the address exposes the powerlessness of the Arabs' idols. The final verses ground this sweeping timeline into immediate directives, commanding the Muslims to maintain patience, continue their call to God, and seek refuge from the devil through remembrance.