Daughter's son
ابن البنت
The son of the deceased's daughter. A distant kinsman (dhawū al-arḥām) who inherits only when no heir but a spouse is left.
Their share
Each row is a family run through the engine in all four schools; the share is the group share of the daughter's son.
| Family | Ḥanafī | Mālikī | Shāfiʿī | Ḥanbalī |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alone | 1 kin share (dhawū al-arḥām) | |||
| With Wife | 3/4 kin share (dhawū al-arḥām) | needs a scholar's review | 3/4 kin share (dhawū al-arḥām) | 3/4 kin share (dhawū al-arḥām) |
| With Son | excluded | |||
| With Daughter's daughter | 2/3 kin share (dhawū al-arḥām) | 2/3 kin share (dhawū al-arḥām) | 2/3 kin share (dhawū al-arḥām) | 1/2 kin share (dhawū al-arḥām) |
| With Daughter's daughter × 2 | 1/2 kin share (dhawū al-arḥām) | 1/2 kin share (dhawū al-arḥām) | 1/2 kin share (dhawū al-arḥām) | 1/3 kin share (dhawū al-arḥām) |
| With Sister's son | 1 kin share (dhawū al-arḥām) | 1/2 kin share (dhawū al-arḥām) | 1/2 kin share (dhawū al-arḥām) | 1/2 kin share (dhawū al-arḥām) |
- With Wife — Mālikī: needs a scholar's review
Who excludes them
Present even once, each of these excludes the daughter's son in all four schools:
Whom they exclude
Depends on the school:
Where the schools differ
In these families the four schools give the daughter's son different shares:
The verse
No inheritance verse of Sūrat an-Nisāʾ (4:11, 4:12, 4:176) names a share for the daughter's son; their place follows the rules the scholars derived from the Sunnah and those verses.
Worked examples
| Heir | Ḥanafī | Mālikī | Shāfiʿī | Ḥanbalī |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daughter's son | 2/3 | 2/3 | 2/3 | 1/2 |
| Daughter's daughter | 1/3 | 1/3 | 1/3 | 1/2 |
| Heir | Ḥanafī |
|---|---|
| Daughter's son | 1/2 |
| Daughter's daughter × 2 | 1/2 |
Questions
- How much does the daughter's son inherit?
- It depends on who else inherits. Computed in all four schools: alone: 1; with wife: 3/4 (Mālikī: needs a scholar's review); with son: excluded; with daughter's daughter: differs by school; with daughter's daughter × 2: differs by school.
- Does the daughter's son inherit when there is a son?
- No. In all four schools a son excludes the daughter's son entirely (ḥajb).
- Whom does the daughter's son exclude?
- No one: on their own, the daughter's son excludes no other heir.
- Do the four schools agree on the share of the daughter's son?
- Not always. They differ in 3 of the situations computed here — for example, with daughter's daughter: Ḥanafī 2/3, Mālikī 2/3, Shāfiʿī 2/3, Ḥanbalī 1/2.