Father
الأب
The deceased's father. He always inherits: with a fixed share, as the residuary (ʿaṣaba), or both, depending on the children left behind.
Their share
Each row is a family run through the engine in all four schools; the share is the group share of the father.
| Family | All four schools |
|---|---|
| Alone | 1 residue (ʿaṣaba) |
| With Wife | 3/4 residue (ʿaṣaba) |
| With Son | 1/6 fixed share (farḍ) |
| With Daughter | 1/2 fixed share (farḍ) |
| With Daughter × 2 | 1/3 fixed share (farḍ) |
| With Mother | 2/3 residue (ʿaṣaba) |
| With Husband and Daughter × 2 | 2/13 fixed share (farḍ) |
| With Wife and Son's daughter × 2 | 5/24 fixed share (farḍ) |
Who excludes them
No heir excludes the father entirely; other heirs can only reduce the share.
Whom they exclude
A single father excludes, in all four schools:
- Father's father
- Father's mother
- Full brother
- Full sister
- Paternal brother
- Paternal sister
- Maternal brother
- Maternal sister
- Full nephew
- Paternal nephew
- Full paternal uncle
- Paternal half-uncle
- Full cousin
- Paternal cousin
- Daughter's son
- Daughter's daughter
- Sister's son
- Sister's daughter
- Maternal grandfather
- Maternal uncle
- Maternal aunt
- Paternal aunt
Where the schools differ
In every situation above, the four schools give the father the same share.
The verse
The share of the father rests on Sūrat an-Nisāʾ, verse 11.
Read 4:11 in the Quran readerWorked examples
Questions
- How much does the father inherit?
- It depends on who else inherits. Computed in all four schools: alone: 1; with wife: 3/4; with son: 1/6; with daughter: 1/2; with daughter × 2: 1/3.
- Can another heir exclude the father entirely?
- No. The father always inherits something; other heirs can only reduce the share.
- Whom does the father exclude?
- In all four schools a single father excludes: father's father, father's mother, full brother, full sister, paternal brother, paternal sister, maternal brother, maternal sister, full nephew, paternal nephew, full paternal uncle, paternal half-uncle, full cousin, paternal cousin, daughter's son, daughter's daughter, sister's son, sister's daughter, maternal grandfather, maternal uncle, maternal aunt, and paternal aunt.
- Do the four schools agree on the share of the father?
- Yes. In every situation computed here the Ḥanafī, Mālikī, Shāfiʿī and Ḥanbalī schools give the same share.