Father's father
الجَدّ
The father of the deceased's father. He steps into the father's place when the father has died, though not in every respect.
Their share
Each row is a family run through the engine in all four schools; the share is the group share of the father's father.
| Family | Ḥanafī | Mālikī | Shāfiʿī | Ḥanbalī |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alone | 1 residue (ʿaṣaba) | |||
| With Wife | 3/4 residue (ʿaṣaba) | |||
| With Son | 1/6 fixed share (farḍ) | |||
| With Daughter | 1/2 fixed share (farḍ) | |||
| With Daughter × 2 | 1/3 fixed share (farḍ) | |||
| With Father | excluded | |||
| With Full brother | 1 residue (ʿaṣaba) | 1/2 residue (ʿaṣaba) | 1/2 residue (ʿaṣaba) | 1/2 residue (ʿaṣaba) |
| With Full brother × 2 | 1 residue (ʿaṣaba) | 1/3 residue (ʿaṣaba) | 1/3 residue (ʿaṣaba) | 1/3 residue (ʿaṣaba) |
Who excludes them
Present even once, each of these excludes the father's father in all four schools:
Whom they exclude
A single father's father excludes, in all four schools:
- Maternal brother
- Maternal sister
- Full nephew
- Paternal nephew
- Full paternal uncle
- Paternal half-uncle
- Full cousin
- Paternal cousin
- Daughter's son
- Daughter's daughter
- Sister's son
- Sister's daughter
- Maternal grandfather
- Maternal uncle
- Maternal aunt
- Paternal aunt
Depends on the school:
Where the schools differ
In these families the four schools give the father's father different shares:
The verse
No inheritance verse of Sūrat an-Nisāʾ (4:11, 4:12, 4:176) names a share for the father's father; their place follows the rules the scholars derived from the Sunnah and those verses.
Worked examples
| Heir | Ḥanafī | Mālikī | Shāfiʿī | Ḥanbalī |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Father's father | 1 | 1/2 | 1/2 | 1/2 |
| Full brother | excluded | 1/2 | 1/2 | 1/2 |
Questions
- How much does the father's father inherit?
- It depends on who else inherits. Computed in all four schools: alone: 1; with wife: 3/4; with son: 1/6; with daughter: 1/2; with daughter × 2: 1/3.
- Does the father's father inherit when there is a father?
- No. In all four schools a father excludes the father's father entirely (ḥajb).
- Whom does the father's father exclude?
- In all four schools a single father's father excludes: maternal brother, maternal sister, full nephew, paternal nephew, full paternal uncle, paternal half-uncle, full cousin, paternal cousin, daughter's son, daughter's daughter, sister's son, sister's daughter, maternal grandfather, maternal uncle, maternal aunt, and paternal aunt.
- Do the four schools agree on the share of the father's father?
- Not always. They differ in 2 of the situations computed here — for example, with full brother: Ḥanafī 1, Mālikī 1/2, Shāfiʿī 1/2, Ḥanbalī 1/2.