Full brother
الأخ الشقيق
The deceased's brother through both father and mother. He inherits as a residuary (ʿaṣaba) when no son or father is there.
Their share
Each row is a family run through the engine in all four schools; the share is the group share of the full brother.
| Family | Ḥanafī | Mālikī | Shāfiʿī | Ḥanbalī |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alone | 1 residue (ʿaṣaba) | |||
| With Wife | 3/4 residue (ʿaṣaba) | |||
| With Son | excluded | |||
| With Daughter | 1/2 residue (ʿaṣaba) | |||
| With Daughter × 2 | 1/3 residue (ʿaṣaba) | |||
| With Mother | 2/3 residue (ʿaṣaba) | |||
| With Father's father | excluded | 1/2 residue (ʿaṣaba) | 1/2 residue (ʿaṣaba) | 1/2 residue (ʿaṣaba) |
| Full brother × 2 — With Father's father | excluded | 2/3 residue (ʿaṣaba) | 2/3 residue (ʿaṣaba) | 2/3 residue (ʿaṣaba) |
Who excludes them
Present even once, each of these excludes the full brother in all four schools:
Depends on the school:
Whom they exclude
A single full brother excludes, in all four schools:
Where the schools differ
In these families the four schools give the full brother different shares:
The verse
The share of the full brother rests on Sūrat an-Nisāʾ, verse 176.
Read 4:176 in the Quran readerWorked examples
| Heir | Ḥanafī | Mālikī | Shāfiʿī | Ḥanbalī |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Father's father | 1 | 1/2 | 1/2 | 1/2 |
| Full brother | excluded | 1/2 | 1/2 | 1/2 |
Questions
- How much does the full brother inherit?
- It depends on who else inherits. Computed in all four schools: alone: 1; with wife: 3/4; with son: excluded; with daughter: 1/2; with daughter × 2: 1/3.
- Does the full brother inherit when there is a son?
- No. In all four schools a son excludes the full brother entirely (ḥajb).
- Whom does the full brother exclude?
- In all four schools a single full brother excludes: paternal brother, paternal sister, full nephew, paternal nephew, full paternal uncle, paternal half-uncle, full cousin, paternal cousin, daughter's son, daughter's daughter, sister's son, sister's daughter, maternal grandfather, maternal uncle, maternal aunt, and paternal aunt.
- Do the four schools agree on the share of the full brother?
- Not always. They differ in 2 of the situations computed here — for example, with father's father: Ḥanafī excluded, Mālikī 1/2, Shāfiʿī 1/2, Ḥanbalī 1/2.