Son's daughter
بنت الابن
The daughter of the deceased's son. She inherits in a daughter's place when there is no son, and alongside one daughter in a smaller share.
Their share
Each row is a family run through the engine in all four schools; the share is the group share of the son's daughter.
| Family | All four schools |
|---|---|
| Alone | 1 with return (radd) |
| With Wife | 7/8 with return (radd) |
| With Son | excluded |
| With Daughter | 1/4 with return (radd) |
| With Father | 1/2 fixed share (farḍ) |
| With Mother | 3/4 with return (radd) |
| With Husband and Son's son | 1/4 residue (ʿaṣaba) |
| Son's daughter × 2 — With Wife and Father | 2/3 fixed share (farḍ) |
Who excludes them
Present even once, each of these excludes the son's daughter in all four schools:
Two or more of these exclude the son's daughter:
Whom they exclude
A single son's daughter excludes, in all four schools:
- Maternal brother
- Maternal sister
- Daughter's son
- Daughter's daughter
- Sister's son
- Sister's daughter
- Maternal grandfather
- Maternal uncle
- Maternal aunt
- Paternal aunt
Two or more of them exclude:
Where the schools differ
In every situation above, the four schools give the son's daughter the same share.
The verse
No inheritance verse of Sūrat an-Nisāʾ (4:11, 4:12, 4:176) names a share for the son's daughter; their place follows the rules the scholars derived from the Sunnah and those verses.
Worked examples
Questions
- How much does the son's daughter inherit?
- It depends on who else inherits. Computed in all four schools: with son: excluded; with father: 1/2; with husband and son's son: 1/4; son's daughter × 2 — with wife and father: 2/3; alone: 1.
- Does the son's daughter inherit when there is a son?
- No. In all four schools a son excludes the son's daughter entirely (ḥajb).
- Whom does the son's daughter exclude?
- In all four schools a single son's daughter excludes: maternal brother, maternal sister, daughter's son, daughter's daughter, sister's son, sister's daughter, maternal grandfather, maternal uncle, maternal aunt, and paternal aunt.
- Do the four schools agree on the share of the son's daughter?
- Yes. In every situation computed here the Ḥanafī, Mālikī, Shāfiʿī and Ḥanbalī schools give the same share.