Meaning

What is the context of revelation for this āyah?

Answer

Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1201) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:

The polytheists asked the Prophet ﷺ to turn the rock of Ṣafā into gold if he was truthful, so this verse was revealed. [Narrated by al-Suddī from Ibn Masʿūd and Ibn ʿAbbās]
When they said, "Describe your Lord for us," the verse "And your god is one god" was revealed. Then they said, "Show us a sign for that," so this verse was revealed up to "those of understanding." [Narrated by Abū Ṣāliḥ from Ibn ʿAbbās]
When the verse "And your god is one god" was revealed, the disbelievers of Quraysh said, "How can one god suffice for all people?" So this verse was revealed. [ʿAṭāʾ]

Verses cited

2:164 Al-Baqarah إِنَّ فِى خَلْقِ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ وَٱخْتِلَـٰفِ ٱلَّيْلِ وَٱلنَّهَارِ وَٱلْفُلْكِ ٱلَّتِى تَجْرِى فِى ٱلْبَحْرِ بِمَا يَنفَعُ ٱلنَّاسَ وَمَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ مِنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ مِن مَّآءٍ فَأَحْيَا بِهِ ٱلْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهَا وَبَثَّ فِيهَا مِن كُلِّ دَآبَّةٍ وَتَصْرِيفِ ٱلرِّيَـٰحِ وَٱلسَّحَابِ ٱلْمُسَخَّرِ بَيْنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ لَـَٔايَـٰتٍ لِّقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ In the creation of the heavens and earth; in the alternation of night and day; in the ships that sail the seas with goods for people; in the water which God sends down from the sky to give life to the earth when it has been barren, scattering all kinds of creatures over it; in the changing of the winds and clouds that run their appointed courses between the sky and earth: there are signs in all these for those who use their minds.

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