Meaning

What is it implied that they know in the phrase "while they know"?

Answer

Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1201) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:

They know that it is the truth.
They know the punishment for opposing it.

Verses cited

2:146 Al-Baqarah ٱلَّذِينَ ءَاتَيْنَـٰهُمُ ٱلْكِتَـٰبَ يَعْرِفُونَهُۥ كَمَا يَعْرِفُونَ أَبْنَآءَهُمْ ۖ وَإِنَّ فَرِيقًا مِّنْهُمْ لَيَكْتُمُونَ ٱلْحَقَّ وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ Those We gave Scripture know it as well as they know their own sons, but some of them hide the truth that they know.

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