What aspect of the hypocrites' condition resembles the "thunder" mentioned in this verse?

Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597 AH / 1201 CE) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:

1. The threats that the Qurʾān contains. [Ibn ʿAbbās]
2. The calamities that they fear would befall them if the Prophet (ﷺ) and the believers knew about their hypocrisy. [Mujāhid and al-Suddī]
3. What they fear of being called to fight against those they secretly love. [ʿAlī ibn ʿUbayd Allāh]