Which meaning of "mā" is intended here?

Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1201) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:

1. It forms a question, "What made them endure?" [ʿAṭāʾ, al-Suddī, Ibn Zayd, Abū Bakr ibn ʿAyyāsh]
2. It is for expressing amazement, like saying "How beautiful is Zayd" or "How knowledgeable is ʿAmr." Ibn al-Anbārī mentioned that the meaning of the verse is an expression of amazement, but it is Allah calls on people to be amazed, as He is not subject to such things.