অর্থ
What is meant by "disgrace" here?
উত্তর
Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1201) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:
- Their disgrace is having to pay the jizyah (poll tax). [Ibn ʿAbbās]
- Their disgrace is the conquest of Constantinople. [Al-Suddī]
- Their disgrace is their expulsion from the Sacred Mosque (al-Masjid al-Ḥarām), such that no polytheist will ever be able to enter it openly. [Ibn Zayd]