Munasakha calculator: when an heir dies before the estate is divided
Successive deaths: each living person's final share of the first estate, with the working.
When an heir dies before an estate is divided, that heir's share passes to their own heirs. This calculator works out each living person's final share of the first estate, step by step, by the method the four Sunni schools give.
This is a religious calculation, not legal advice. A court, notary or registry in your country decides legal validity.
Enter the deaths in order
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School (applies to every death)
Heirs of the first deceased
Death 1, before the division
Heirs of Daughter
Not covered: a later deceased's own debts and bequests. The sources read for this calculator do not say how they come out of that share, so there is no input for them.
Result
Combined base: 24 · multipliers: 3
| Person | Share of the first estate | Amount |
|---|---|---|
| Wife | 1/8 | 3,000 |
| Full brother | 5/12 | 10,000 |
| Husband of Daughter | 1/8 | 3,000 |
| Daughter 1 of Daughter | 1/6 | 4,000 |
| Daughter 2 of Daughter | 1/6 | 4,000 |
| Total | 1 | 24,000 |
Working, step by step
| Person | Parts of 8 |
|---|---|
| Wife | 1 |
| Daughter | 4 |
| Full brother | 3 |
Death 1: Daughter held 4 of 8. Own base 12; the common factor of 4 and 12 is 4, so earlier lines × 3 and their heirs × 1. Combined base 24.
| Person | Parts of 12 |
|---|---|
| Husband of Daughter | 3 |
| Daughter 1 of Daughter | 4 |
| Daughter 2 of Daughter | 4 |
| Full brother | 1 |
| Person | Earlier × 3 | From Daughter × 1 | Parts of 24 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wife | 3 | – | 3 |
| Full brother | 9 | 1 | 10 |
| Husband of Daughter | – | 3 | 3 |
| Daughter 1 of Daughter | – | 4 | 4 |
| Daughter 2 of Daughter | – | 4 | 4 |
How munasakha is calculated
أن يموت من ورثة الميت إنسان قبل قسم تركة الأول All four Sunni schools define munasakha the same way: an heir dies before the first estate is divided (al-Mughnī 6/292). The method is also shared. Solve the first estate, then the dead heir's own estate. Let s be that heir's parts of the first base and B the base of their own problem. If B divides s, both problems stand. Otherwise every first-estate line is multiplied by B ÷ gcd(s, B), and each of the dead heir's heirs takes their own parts × s ÷ gcd(s, B). A person who inherits in both problems gets the two added together.
A third or later death repeats the same step on the combined result, in the order the deaths happened. Someone who died earlier does not inherit from someone who died after them.
The books also give a shortcut: when the survivors inherit from the dead heir in the same ratio as from the first estate (for example only sons and daughters), the estate is divided among the survivors directly (al-Mughnī 6/292; al-Wasīṭ 4/389). It gives the same fractions as the full method, which this calculator always uses.
Worked example from al-Mughnī
al-Mughnī 6/292-293: a man leaves a wife, a daughter and a brother (base 8: 1, 4, 3). The daughter dies before the division, leaving her husband, two daughters and her uncle, who is the same brother (base 12: 3, 8, 1). Her 4 parts and 12 share a factor of 4, so the multiplier is 3 and the combined base 24: wife 3, brother 9 + 1 = 10, husband 3, each daughter 4. The calculator above opens with this case.
Not covered
- Not covered: a later deceased's own debts and bequests. The sources read for this calculator do not say how they come out of that share, so there is no input for them.
- A later deceased who followed a different school: the school you choose applies to every death.
Sources
- al-Mughnī (Ibn Qudāma), 6/292-294 · Ḥanbalī
- al-Ikhtiyār li-Taʿlīl al-Mukhtār (al-Mawṣilī), 5/117-118 · Ḥanafī
- al-Qawānīn al-Fiqhiyya (Ibn Juzayy), p. 263 · Mālikī
- al-Wasīṭ (al-Ghazālī), 4/389-391 · Shāfiʿī