Which was created first: the heavens or the earth?

Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597 AH / 1201 CE) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr":

1. The earth came first. [Mujāhid]
2. The heavens came first. [Muqātil] (Ed: this view is more evident based on external factors, and the various passages in the Qur'an which seem to indicate one or the other sequence can be interpreted in multiple ways.)