What is the context of revelation for this āyah?

Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1201) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:

1. The Prophet ﷺ once said: "I wonder what has happened to my parents!" This verse was revealed in response. [Ibn ʿAbbās]
2. The Prophet ﷺ said: "If Allah had sent His punishment upon the Jews, they would have believed." This verse was revealed in response. [Muqātil]

(Ed: Neither of these reports are reliable. See: Ibn Ḥajar, al-ʿUjab (1/369); Hilali & Nasr, al-Istiʿāb fī Bayān al-Asbāb (1/65-66).)