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المعنى

What is the context of revelation for this āyah?

الجواب

Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1201) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:

  1. A woman from the Anṣār (the Helpers in Madinah) in the pre-Islamic period used to swear that if a child of hers lived, she would make him a Jew. When the Jews of Banū al-Naḍīr were expelled, there were some sons of the Anṣār among them. The Anṣār said, "O Messenger of Allah, our sons!" Then this verse was revealed. [Ibn ʿAbbās] Al-Shaʿbī said, "The Anṣār said, 'By Allah, we will compel our children to embrace Islam, for we only made them follow the Jewish religion because we did not know a religion better than it.' So this verse was revealed."
  1. A man from the Anṣār had two sons who had converted to Christianity before the Prophet (ﷺ) was sent. They later came to Madinah, and their father insisted, saying, "By Allah, I will not let you go until you accept Islam." They refused, so they disputed before the Prophet (ﷺ), and this verse was revealed. This is the opinion of Masrūq.
  2. Some children were being nursed among the Jews. When the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) expelled Banū al-Naḍīr, they said, "By Allah, we will go with them and follow their religion." Their families tried to prevent them and wanted to force them to embrace Islam, so this verse was revealed.
  3. A man from the Anṣār had a servant named Ṣubayḥ whom he was trying to force into Islam. This verse was revealed. These last two views were both narrated from Mujāhid.
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