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What is the meaning of "Neither scribe nor witness should do harm (or be done harm)"?

Cevap

Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1201) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:

  1. It means that the scribe should not be harmed by being called upon when he is busy. [Ibn ʿAbbās, Mujāhid, ʿIkrimah, al-Suddī, al-Rabīʿ ibn Anas, al-Farrāʾ, Muqātil].
  2. It means the scribe is prohibited from causing harm to the person for whom he is writing by writing something other than what is dictated to him, and the witness is prohibited from testifying to something he was not called to witness. [al-Ḥasan, Ṭāwūs, Qatādah, Ibn Zayd, Ibn Qutaybah, al-Zajjāj]
  3. The meaning of "harm" here is the scribe refusing to write or the witness refusing to testify. [ʿAṭāʾ and others]

(Ed: due to its form, the word yuḍārr can be read in the active or passive voice, hence the opinions including various forms of causing or receiving harm.)

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